Air Compressor Won't Build Pressure? (Possible Causes & Fixes)
Air compressors are wonderful tools that can do anything from power pneumatic machines to help you quickly paint a room with a sprayer. These tools are affordable, practical, and can make light work of just about any project. If your project requires high pressure, though, an air compressor that fails to build and hold pressure can be frustrating.
An air compressor that won’t build pressure is usually the result of a leaking valve. The most common valve malfunction on a reciprocating compressor is a reed valve. Luckily, reed valves are easy to locate, allowing your air compressor to run to capacity again.
Of course, other common problems can occur with your air compressor not related to the reed valve. Other significant problems include a malfunctioning motor, leaky gasket, and valve, dirty vents, or even a damaged capacitor. Performing visual inspections and routine maintenance on your air compressor will not only help you diagnose potential problems but can help you maintain your air compressor for a longer period.
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What Are Signs My Air Compressor Is Not Maintaining Pressure?
If you are having trouble using your air compressor, you may have an issue with your compressor not holding and maintaining the right pressure. Many problems could lead to an air compressor that doesn’t hold pressure, including an oil or air leak.
Some of the most significant signs that an air compressor is not maintaining pressure are insufficient airflow or pressurization. You may notice that your compressor will fail to start up, or it might stop in the middle of a pressurization cycle. Sometimes your air compressor will stop running entirely, even when you prompt the compressor to run. Luckily, some quick troubleshooting should diagnose and correct the issue with your air compressor not holding pressure.
How Can I Troubleshoot My Air Compressor?
Several components can fail with an air compressor, which can cause your compressor to lack pressure or fail to maintain pressure. Below are some of the most common ways to troubleshoot your air compressor so that you can identify and rectify the issue.
- Test the Pump – Sometimes, the pump that helps power the air compressor is damaged, which can cause your air compressor to fail to maintain pressure. To test the pump, you will want to empty the air tank completely. Close the service valve at the discharge and measure the amount of time it takes your compressor to go from zero to a predetermined PSI. If the pump runs too long or fails to reach your set PSI, the pump may be damaged.
- Dirty Filters – You’ll want to check the air inlet filter and make sure that the filter is clean. Loosen the wingnut for the housing cover and visually inspect the filter. Replace or clean as needed. If the filter is too dirty, it may impact your air compressor’s ability to reach the desired PSI.
- Air Demand and Screen – Leaks can form within the air demand and screen. A damaged air demand and screen is one of the most common reasons for a malfunctioning air compressor. A damaged air demand and screen can rapidly lose up to 50% of the total compressed air produced. Visually inspect the air tank and replace the tank or air tub fittings if you find a leak.
- Damaged Belt – Sometimes, the belt drive which helps to run the compressor will become damaged. Turn off and disconnect your air compressor and visually inspect the belt. You will have to remove the belt guard at the rear section. If you need to replace the belt, you’ll need to loosen the mounting bolts and slide the motor in the direction of the pump to gain access. Be sure to reinstall the belt guard once the new belt is installed.
- Pump Rings – A pump ring works to seal the air into the cylinders, allowing your air compressor to build pressure. They prevent oil from moving throughout the machine and can create a tight seal trapping compressed air. Over time, the pump rings can become worn or damaged, which can cause leaks to form. If the pump rings appear to be worn, you’ll need to rebuild and replace this component on the pump.
- Motor Capacitors – Your air compressor will have capacitors in the system to help power the motor to start and stop. Sometimes if the capacitors are not working correctly, they can trigger the pump to shut off prematurely. To check the functionality of your capacitors, you’ll want to work with an electrician. A licensed electrician should be able to help test the capacitors to ensure they are working correctly. An electrician can also help replace the capacitors if they are the problem.
- Air and Oil Separator – For rotary-style compressors, you will have an oil-cooled system. You will want to check your oil levels and ensure the pressure across the air/oil separator is correct. If this component is damaged or clogged, it can limit the correct separation of air and oil through your air compressor. If the oil and air are allowed to mix, it will limit the amount of pressure the air compressor can hold.
Which Valves Should I Check?
Sometimes the valves on your air compressor are the reason why your air compressor fails to maintain pressure. You’ll want to inspect your machine’s valves to ensure that they function correctly and are clean. The most critical valves to check on your air compressor include:
- Inlet Valve – This valve should be able to open entirely and should not be clogged or blocked.
- Drain Valve – Be sure the drain valve located at the air tank’s bottom has a tight seal.
- Oil Passthrough Valve – Ensure that the oil passthrough is clean by opening the drain valve. Inspect the area for oily residue.
- Safety Valve – The safety valve works to open and release excess pressure from the machine. Visually inspect the valve to ensure it is working correctly.
- Reed Valve – One of the most common problems for a reciprocating compressor is the reed valve. This valve works to release air from the air inlet through the safety valve. If you notice that your air compressor can only reach about 40-80 PSI, the reed valve is the most likely culprit. The reed valve is located on the top of each air cylinder. These valves are easy to replace by simply removing, disassembling the cylinder, and replacing the internal reed valves and gaskets.
Can I Just Operate My Air Compressor at Low Pressure?
While your air compressor may still function at low pressure, it is not good for the machine itself. The air compressor may be forced to run for longer than usual periods, which can strain the motor and interior components. If your air compressor continues to fail or cuts out before pressure is reached, it can cause the machine to start continually, which puts significant wear and tear on the device.
Further, an air compressor that fails to reach the desired pressure may indicate a more significant problem. Often, poorly maintained compressors will have trouble reaching pressure, resulting in a clogged vent or your air compressor overheating.
Running an air compressor that has a damaged capacitor can cause the motor to overheat, fail, and significantly damage the engine. Further, low-pressure air compressors can have significant oil carryover, damaging your machine, garage, or project you are working on.
Who Can Help Me Troubleshoot My Air Compressor?
Sometimes, troubleshooting your air compressor can be a time-consuming and skilled job, especially if you suspect an electrical component is malfunctioning. Luckily, an HVAC contractor should be able to help you troubleshoot and repair your air compressor.
Expect to pay between $100 and $150 per hour for a licensed technician to inspect your air compressor. While the help of an HVAC technician may be well worth the cost of an expensive high-end air compressor, paying for a new machine may ultimately be the more economical route.
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Related Questions
How much is a new air compressor?
Like many new tools, an air compressor’s price will vary greatly depending on the quality and capacity. Usually, an air compressor that will power your tools and help with home projects will cost between $200 and $400. However, there are specialty air compressors with high-end features that can cost thousands of dollars. The size, capacity, and manufacturer will largely determine the overall cost of the unit.
How long does an air compressor last?
When it comes to longevity, an air compressor is incredibly durable. Most rotary compressor styles will last between 40,000 and 60,000 hours of use. This factor means that a rotary-style air compressor can last between 20 and 30 years with full-time use.Comparatively, a reciprocating compressor has a shorter lifespan. These air compressor styles will last between 10 and 15 years. Of course, maintaining your air compressor and performing routine maintenance checks is essential to get the most extended lifespan out of your tool.Ensure that your vents are clear and free of debris and that the gadgets and valves are functioning fully. Running an air compressor that fails to build pressure for too long can put undue wear on the motors and components, causing them to wear out more quickly.
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